UPSC PRELIMS 2026 • PYQ TABLE

Important Agricultural Crops

UPSC Previous Year Questions

KHARIF

RABI

15 Crops • Mobile Optimized

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CROP	REGION CULTIVATED	SALIENT FEATURES
🌿 Cotton KHARIF	Gujarat, Maharashtra, Telangana, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, AP, Karnataka, TN, MP, UP	Subtropical • 210 frost-free days Black cotton soil (Deccan) 21°–27°C, 50-100 cm rain/irrigation India: 2nd largest producer
🌾 Rice KHARIF	North & NE, Coastal & Deltaic (WB, UP, Punjab, Haryana, TN, AP, Telangana, Kerala, Odisha, Bihar)	Staple food crop India: 2nd largest producer High temp + humidity, >100 cm rain CH₄ & N₂O from flooded fields
🌱 Sugarcane KHARIF	UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, TN, AP, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana, Gujarat	21°–27°C, 75-120 cm rain Least water-efficient Source of sugar, jaggery, ethanol
🌾 Wheat RABI	Punjab, Haryana, UP, MP, Bihar, Rajasthan	Cool season + bright sunshine 10°–15°C sowing, 21°–26°C harvest 50-75 cm evenly distributed rain India: 12.8% world production
🌽 Maize KHARIF	Karnataka, MP, UP, Bihar, AP, Telangana, Rajasthan, Maharashtra	Food + fodder crop 21°–30°C, semi-arid Old alluvial & loamy soils
🍵 Tea	Assam, WB (Darjeeling), TN (Nilgiris), Kerala, HP, Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, AP, Tripura	Plantation crop, caffeine & tannin Humus-rich, well-drained soil Frost-free, evenly distributed rain
🌴 Palm Oil	India: AP, Karnataka, TN Global: Indonesia, Malaysia, West Africa	Most land-efficient oil crop Cosmetics, biodiesel Perennial (>25 yrs)
🌰 Cocoa	India: Kerala, Karnataka, AP, TN Global: Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana	Tropical belt, well-distributed rain Intercrop with coconut/arecanut Chocolate industry raw material
🌾 Jowar	Maharashtra, Karnataka, AP, Telangana, MP, TN, Rajasthan, UP	3rd most important food crop Gluten-free, rain-fed High nutrition (protein, fibre)
🥜 Groundnut KHARIF	Gujarat, Rajasthan, TN, Telangana, AP, Karnataka, Maharashtra	Half of India’s oilseeds 25°–30°C, sandy loam soil India: 18.8% global production
🌱 Soyabean	MP, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, UP, Gujarat	High-protein oilseed (MP+MH = 90%) 26.5°–30°C, 50-100 cm rain
🧵 Jute	West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha, Meghalaya	“Golden Fibre” India: 3/5th global supply Flood-plain silt soils
🌾 Millets (Bajra / Ragi)	Bajra: Rajasthan, UP, MH, Gujarat, Haryana Ragi: Karnataka, TN, HP, Uttarakhand, etc.	High nutrition (Ca, Fe, fibre) Drought-resistant, 40-50 cm rain
🫘 Pulses	MP, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, UP, Karnataka	India: largest producer & consumer Nitrogen-fixing, protein source Gram = 40% of total pulses
☕ Coffee	Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats)	15°–28°C, 150–250 cm rain Frost-sensitive, shade-grown Primarily Arabica variety

📱 Gyanpoints 2026