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CHAPTER 03 HEALTH: THE ULTIMATE TREASURE — All types with options and answers
🩺 CHAPTER 03 HEALTH: THE ULTIMATE TREASURE
Gyanpoints
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Health, according to WHO, is defined as
✅ Correct Answer: C) Complete physical, mental, and social well-being
2. A symptom is
✅ Correct Answer: B) What a patient feels
3. Which of the following is a non-communicable disease?
✅ Correct Answer: D) Diabetes
4. Diseases that spread through air, food, water, or contact are called
✅ Correct Answer: B) Communicable diseases
5. Households spread diseases mainly by
✅ Correct Answer: C) Carrying pathogens on their legs
6. A vaccine protects us by
✅ Correct Answer: B) Developing immunity
7. Antibiotics are effective only against
✅ Correct Answer: C) Bacteria
8. Malaria is caused by
✅ Correct Answer: B) Protozoa
9. Which factor does not directly affect our health?
✅ Correct Answer: D) Colour of clothes
10. Excessive use of antibiotics leads to
✅ Correct Answer: B) Antibiotic resistance
Fill in the Blanks
11. Disease-causing organisms are called ________.
Answer: Pathogens
12. A disease that lasts for a long duration is called a ________ disease.
Answer: Chronic
True / False
13. Symptoms are what we feel, and signs are what can be observed or measured.
Answer: True
14. Communicable diseases spread only by air.
Answer: False
Very Short Type Questions
15. What are pathogens?
Answer: Pathogens are microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, or worms that cause diseases when they enter the human body.
16. What is meant by immunity?
Answer: Immunity is the body's natural ability to recognize, fight, and resist infections caused by harmful microorganisms.
Short Type Questions
17. Why are hygiene and clean surroundings important for good health?
Answer: Hygiene and clean surroundings prevent germs from multiplying and reduce exposure to contaminated air, food, and water. Cleanliness lowers the risk of infections like diarrhoea, cholera, flu, and dengue, helping individuals maintain better physical and mental health.
18. How do vaccines protect us from diseases?
Answer: Vaccines train the immune system by exposing it to a harmless, weakened, or inactive form of a pathogen. This prepares the body to quickly recognize and destroy the real germ in the future, preventing severe infection and helping control the spread of diseases in the community.
Essay Type Questions
19. Explain in detail the difference between communicable and non-communicable diseases. Give causes, examples, effects, and preventive measures for each type.
Answer: Diseases disturb the normal working of our body. They are mainly of two types: communicable and non-communicable diseases.
Communicable diseases spread from one person to another through air, water, food, direct contact, insects, or contaminated objects. They are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Examples include tuberculosis, cholera, malaria, and measles. These diseases cause fever, weakness, and can spread quickly in a community. They can be prevented by cleanliness, safe drinking water, proper sanitation, wearing masks, avoiding contact with infected people, preventing mosquito breeding, and vaccination.
Non-communicable diseases do not spread from person to person. They develop due to unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, stress, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol, or sometimes genetic factors. Examples are diabetes and heart disease. These diseases are long-lasting, may damage important organs, and require long-term treatment. They can be prevented by eating a balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding junk food and smoking, managing stress, and regular health checkups.
Communicable diseases spread from one person to another through air, water, food, direct contact, insects, or contaminated objects. They are caused by microorganisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Examples include tuberculosis, cholera, malaria, and measles. These diseases cause fever, weakness, and can spread quickly in a community. They can be prevented by cleanliness, safe drinking water, proper sanitation, wearing masks, avoiding contact with infected people, preventing mosquito breeding, and vaccination.
Non-communicable diseases do not spread from person to person. They develop due to unhealthy lifestyle, poor diet, stress, lack of exercise, smoking, alcohol, or sometimes genetic factors. Examples are diabetes and heart disease. These diseases are long-lasting, may damage important organs, and require long-term treatment. They can be prevented by eating a balanced diet, regular exercise, avoiding junk food and smoking, managing stress, and regular health checkups.
20. What is vaccination? Explain how vaccines work inside the body and discuss why immunization programmes are essential for preventing major diseases.
Answer: Vaccination is the process of giving a vaccine to a person to protect them from a particular disease. A vaccine contains dead or weakened microbes that cannot cause the disease but help the body learn to fight it.
When a vaccine enters the body, the immune system recognizes these weak microbes as germs and begins to produce antibodies against them. These antibodies remain in the body for a long time. Later, if the real disease-causing microbe enters the body, the antibodies quickly destroy it. This prevents the person from falling ill. This is how vaccines make us immune to diseases.
Immunization programmes are extremely important because they protect large groups of people, especially children, from dangerous diseases like polio, measles, tetanus, diphtheria, and many others. When most people in a community are vaccinated, diseases cannot spread easily. Immunization programmes help reduce deaths, stop major outbreaks, and keep the population healthy.
When a vaccine enters the body, the immune system recognizes these weak microbes as germs and begins to produce antibodies against them. These antibodies remain in the body for a long time. Later, if the real disease-causing microbe enters the body, the antibodies quickly destroy it. This prevents the person from falling ill. This is how vaccines make us immune to diseases.
Immunization programmes are extremely important because they protect large groups of people, especially children, from dangerous diseases like polio, measles, tetanus, diphtheria, and many others. When most people in a community are vaccinated, diseases cannot spread easily. Immunization programmes help reduce deaths, stop major outbreaks, and keep the population healthy.
HOTS
21. Assertion (A): Antibiotics should not be taken without a doctor's prescription.
Reason (R): Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Reason (R): Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Assertion (A): Antibiotics should not be taken without a doctor's prescription.
Reason (R): Overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
✅ Correct option: (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Both statements are true, and antibiotic misuse leads to resistant bacteria, which is why antibiotics must only be taken under medical supervision.
🧬 CHAPTER 02 THE INVISIBLE LIVING WORLD: BEYOND OUR NAKED EYE
Gyanpoints
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Robert Hooke observed cork cells using
✅ Correct Answer: C) Microscope
2. The basic unit of life is the
✅ Correct Answer: B) Cell
3. The part of a cell that controls all activities is the
✅ Correct Answer: C) Nucleus
4. Onion peel cells have an extra layer called
✅ Correct Answer: A) Cell wall
5. Microorganisms that can be seen only under a microscope are called
✅ Correct Answer: C) Microbes
6. Yeast makes dough rise because it
✅ Correct Answer: B) Releases carbon dioxide
7. Rhizobium bacteria live in
✅ Correct Answer: B) Root nodules of legumes
8. Spirulina is known as a
✅ Correct Answer: B) Superfood microalgae
9. The bacteria that convert milk into curd are
✅ Correct Answer: B) Lactobacillus
10. Organisms made of a single cell are called
✅ Correct Answer: C) Unicellular
Fill in the Blanks
11. The thin outer covering of a cell is called the ________.
Answer: Cell membrane
12. The green plastids in plant cells that help in photosynthesis are called ________.
Answer: Chloroplasts
True / False
13. All microorganisms are harmful to humans.
Answer: False
14. Bacteria do not have a well-defined nucleus.
Answer: True
Very Short Type Questions
15. What is a microorganism?
Answer: A microorganism (microbe) is a tiny living organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is visible only under a microscope and includes bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and some unicellular forms.
16. What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
Answer: The nucleus controls all the activities of a cell, such as growth, division, and reproduction. It contains genetic material that directs the functioning of the cell.
Short Type Questions
17. Why do microorganisms grow more quickly in warm and moist conditions?
Answer: Microorganisms grow faster in warm and moist conditions because such environments support their metabolic activities and reproduction. Warmth accelerates their enzyme action, while moisture provides the medium they need to absorb nutrients and multiply.
18. How does yeast help in making dough soft and fluffy? Explain.
Answer: Yeast respires and breaks down sugar in the dough, releasing carbon dioxide gas. This gas gets trapped in tiny bubbles inside the dough, causing it to expand and become soft and fluffy. Warm water and sugar help yeast grow more actively.
Essay Type Questions
19. Describe the structure of a typical cell and explain the functions of its main parts.
Answer: A typical cell is the basic unit of life and consists of several important structures.
The cell membrane is a thin, living boundary that encloses the cytoplasm and controls the entry and exit of substances. Inside it lies the cytoplasm, a jelly-like material where most life processes occur, including the synthesis of vital molecules. The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It regulates all activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and contains genetic material.
Plant cells additionally have a cell wall, which is a rigid outer covering that provides strength and shape. They also contain chloroplasts, which carry chlorophyll and help in photosynthesis. Large vacuoles in plant cells store water, minerals, and waste. Each part of the cell works in coordination, making the cell a functional and self-sustaining unit of life.
The cell membrane is a thin, living boundary that encloses the cytoplasm and controls the entry and exit of substances. Inside it lies the cytoplasm, a jelly-like material where most life processes occur, including the synthesis of vital molecules. The nucleus is the control centre of the cell. It regulates all activities such as growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and contains genetic material.
Plant cells additionally have a cell wall, which is a rigid outer covering that provides strength and shape. They also contain chloroplasts, which carry chlorophyll and help in photosynthesis. Large vacuoles in plant cells store water, minerals, and waste. Each part of the cell works in coordination, making the cell a functional and self-sustaining unit of life.
20. Explain the role of microorganisms in the environment and in food preparation, giving suitable examples.
Answer: Microorganisms play crucial roles in both the environment and food industries.
In nature, bacteria and fungi act as decomposers, breaking down dead plants and animals into simpler substances. This releases nutrients back into the soil, maintaining soil fertility and completing nutrient cycles. Rhizobium bacteria in legume root nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen, enriching the soil naturally.
Microbes are equally important in food preparation. Yeast helps in baking bread and cakes by producing carbon dioxide, which makes dough rise. Lactobacillus bacteria convert milk into curd by producing lactic acid. Fermentation by microbes is used in making idli, dosa batter, and many traditional foods. Thus, microorganisms support environmental balance and contribute significantly to human food systems.
In nature, bacteria and fungi act as decomposers, breaking down dead plants and animals into simpler substances. This releases nutrients back into the soil, maintaining soil fertility and completing nutrient cycles. Rhizobium bacteria in legume root nodules fix atmospheric nitrogen, enriching the soil naturally.
Microbes are equally important in food preparation. Yeast helps in baking bread and cakes by producing carbon dioxide, which makes dough rise. Lactobacillus bacteria convert milk into curd by producing lactic acid. Fermentation by microbes is used in making idli, dosa batter, and many traditional foods. Thus, microorganisms support environmental balance and contribute significantly to human food systems.
HOTS
21. Assertion (A): Yeast is used in baking industries.
Reason (R): Yeast releases carbon dioxide during respiration.
Reason (R): Yeast releases carbon dioxide during respiration.
Assertion (A): Yeast is used in baking industries.
Reason (R): Yeast releases carbon dioxide during respiration.
✅ Correct option: (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Yeast is used in baking because it releases carbon dioxide during respiration, which makes dough rise. Hence, the reason correctly explains the assertion.