IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
1- What is the normal systolic and diastolic pressure in humans-
a- 120 mm Hg /80 mm Hg
b- ৪0 mm Hg/ 120 mm Hg
C- 120 mm Hg/ 120 mm Hg
d- 80 mm Hg/80 mm Hg
Ans: a
2- By which apparatus wecan measure blood pressure-
a- Barometer
b- Hygrometer
C- Ammeter
d- Sphygmomanometer
Ans: d
3- Which conducting tissue is responsible for multidirectional transport in plants-
a- Xylem
b- Phloem
C- Guard Cell
d- Parenchyma
Ans; b
4- Cuscuta is a special organism as it is-
a- Animal parasite
b- Plant parasite
C- Fungal parasite
d- Blue green algae and saprophyte
Ans: b
5- Nature of nutrition in fungiं are-
a- Parasite
b- Autotrophs
c- Saprotrophs
d- Mixed autotrophs
ans: c
6- Which acid is formed in our muscles after vigorous exercise?
Ans: Lactic acid
7- How much energy is released when terminal phosphate linkage in ATP is broken down?
Ans: 30.5 Ki/mol.
SHORTANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
৪- What is holozoic mutrition? Give one example.
Ans: The nutrition that involves the taking in of solid or liquid particles of food which have to be further broken down into simpler particles inside the organism. Example- Amoeba
9. What is the importance of nutrients?
Ans: i. Energy production
ii- growth and repair
iii- Protection from disease
10- Why do photosynthesis consider a photochemical reaction?
Ans: plants convert the energy of sunlight into stored chemical energy by forming carbohydrates from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water and releasing molecular oxygen as a byproduct.
11- What is the role of the following in photosynthesis- i-Chloroplast ii- Water ii- CO2
Ans: Chloroplast trap the sunlight (radiation) Water undergoes photolysis to evolver oxygen C02 reduces to form carbohydrates.
12- Write the similarity between the heart and phloem.
Ans: Both are conduction tissues. The heart is responsible for the conduction of blood while the phloem for food in plants.
13- Mention the importance of Double circulation and Volves in the human heart.
Ans: Double circulation importance: helps keep oxygenated (blood rich in oxygen) separate from deoxygenated (blood rich in carbon dioxide). This results in a more efficient circulation ofblood.
14- Specify the role of the conducting tissues in plants.
Ans: phloem is food-conducting tissue and xylem is water-conducting tissue.
Phloem transports food in many directions from leaves to other parts of plants like another leaf., flower, stem, root, and storage part.
Xylem conducts water only in one direction from the root to the aerial parts of the plant.
15-What is saliva? State its role in the digestion of food.
Ans: Saliva contains salivary amylase enzymes that help digest the starches in our food.
An enzyme called amylase breaks down starches (complex carbohydrates) into sugars,
It helps in moistens the food for easy swallowing.
16- (a) What is the peristaltic movement?
(b) Stomata remain closed in desert plants during daytime. How do they do photosynthesis?
Ans: (a) The relaxation of gut muscles to move the partially digested food downwards throughout the alimentary canal is called peristaltic movement.
(b) In desert plants, stomata open at night and take in carbon dioxide (CO2). Stomata remain closed during the daytime to prevent the loss of water by transpiration. They store the C02 in their cells until the sun comes out s০ that they can carry on with photosynthesis during the daytime.
LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
17- Differentiate the followings-
I. Vena cava and Aorta II- Pulmonary artery and Pulnmonary vein III- Anaerobic respiration and fermentation IV- Bronchi and bronchiole
Ans: Vena cava: carries deoxygenated blood from body parts to the heart
Aorta: carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the body parts
Pulmonary artery: carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary vein: carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Anaerobic respiration: respiration without oxygen
Fermentation: respiration without oxygen in microorganisms
Bronchi: extends from the trachea, have incomplete cartilage ring
Bronchioles: extended from bronchi
18-Drawa cross-section of the leaf and label the stomata. AlsO mention any two roles of stomatain plants.
Ans: Fig 6.1, page 96, NCERT
19-Drawa labeled diagram of the structural and functional unit of the kidney.
Also, mention itsrole.
Ans: Fig: 6.14, page 111, NCERT
Filtration of blood, reabsorption, secretion and excretion of useful and harmful substances present in the blood.
20-Give reasons:
i- Ventricles have thicker muscular walls than atria.
ii- The transport system in plants is slow.
ii- Blood circulation differs in aquatic vertebrates from that in terrestrial vertebrates.
iv- During the daytime, water and minerals travel faster through the xylem as compared to thenight.
v-Veins have valves whereas arteries do not.
Ans:
(i) Ventricles pump blood into various organs with high pressure so they have thicker walls.
(ii) Plants are non-motile, less active, and require less energy so their cells do not need to be supplied with materials so quickly.
(ii) The aquatic vertebrates like fish have gills to oxygenate blood. Fishes have single circulation. Terrestrial vertebrates like birds and humans have four-chambered hearts and show double circulation.
(iv) it is due to a high transpiration rate id day time.
(v) The lumen of veins has valves, which allow the blood in them to flow in only one direction.
Thus preventing the backflow of blood.
21- Deseribe the double circulation of blood in human beings. Why is it necessary?
Ans: In the human heart, blood passes through the heart twice in one cardiac cycle. This type of circulation is called double circulation. Double circulation ensures complete segregation of Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
It includes - Pulmonary circulation and Systemic circulation.
In Pulmonary circulation: The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood into the lungs where itis oxygenated. The oxygenated blood is brought back to the left atrium, and from there it is pumped into the left ventricle and finally, blood goes into the aorta for systemic circulation.
In Systemic circulation: The oxygenated blood is pumped to various parts of the body from the left ventricle. The deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body passes through the vena cavato reach the right atrium. The right atrium transfers the blood into the right ventricle.
22-Mention the location of four major glands associated with the digestive system of humans and explain the function of each.
Ans:
i- Salivary Glands- There is three pairs of salivary glands (Parotid, submaxillary and sublingual) that secrete saliva. Saliva moistens the food, disinfects food by lysozyme and digests starch by salivary amylase.
ii-Gastric Glands- these are present inside the stomach. Gastric glands secrete HCI disinfect found od, provide an acidic medium for digestive juices.
Pepsin - for partial digestion of proteins to form peptones and proteases
iii-Liver- secretes bile, which neutralizes the acidity of chyme and emulsifies fat.
iv-Pancreas- Lies in the loop of the duodenum below the stomach.
It secretes trypsin (digest protein), lipase (break down of fat)
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